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Mild Steel - Square Bars Typical weights of mild steel square bars.

mass of object, it's shape and relative point of rotation - the Radius of Gyration.

Mass Moment of Inertia The Mass Moment of Inertia vs.

HE-A Steel Beams Properties of HE-A profiled steel beams.

Concrete Columns Estimate concrete volume required for concrete columns.

British Universal Columns and Beams Properties of British Universal Steel Columns and Beams.

Area Moment of Inertia - Typical Cross Sections II Area Moment of Inertia, Moment of Inertia for an Area or Second Moment of Area for typical cross section profiles.

Area Moment of Inertia - Typical Cross Sections I Typical cross sections and their Area Moment of Inertia.

Beams and Columns Deflection and stress, moment of inertia, section modulus and technical information of beams and columns.

slenderness ratio of 120 < L/r < 200: "long columns" where failure mode is buckling.

slenderness ratios 40 < L/r < 120: "intermediate columns" where failure mode is a combination of crushing (yielding) and buckling.

slenderness ratios L/r < 40: "short columns" where failure mode is crushing (yielding).

lower slenderness ratio - higher critical stress to cause buckling.

higher slenderness ratio - lower critical stress to cause buckling.

L is the length of the column and r is the radiation of gyration for the column. The term "L/r" is known as the slenderness ratio. The Euler buckling load can then be calculated asį = (4) π 2 (69 10 9 Pa) (241 10 -8 m 4) / (5 m) 2

The Moment of Inertia can be converted to metric units like The Modulus of Elasticity of aluminum is 69 GPa (69 10 9 Pa) and the factor for a column fixed in both ends is 4. The column is made of an Aluminium I-beam 7 x 4 1/2 x 5.80 with a Moment of Inertia i y = 5.78 in 4. K = (1 / n) 1/2 factor accounting for the end conditions nĪn column with length 5 m is fixed in both ends. one end fixed, the other end rounded : n = 2Įquation (1) is sometimes expressed with a k factor accounting for the end conditions:.I = Moment of inertia (in 4, m 4) Factor Counting for End Conditions N = factor accounting for the end conditionsĮ = modulus of elastisity (lb/in 2, Pa (N/m 2)) Long columns can be analysed with the Euler column formula Columns fail by buckling when their critical load is reached.